PsyToolkit

options
  background color 80 80 80 # dark grey
  set &maxMathRT1 999999 ## at start, essentially unlimited time, but in Block 2, we calculate needed time
  set &maxMathRT2 60000  ## long time for answer (up to minute, but people will respond more quickly)

include bitmaps.txt

fonts
  regular arial 20
  medium  arial 30
  large   arial 40

part createMathProblem
  # -- create math problem with answer between 1 and 9 -----------------------
  #    choose numbers until answer is within simple 1 to 9 range
  set $mathProblemCounter increase ## we create multiple ones and keep track
  set $answer 0
  while $answer < 1 or $answer > 9
    set $operation1 random 1 2 # 1 = multiply , 2 = division
    set $operation2 random 1 2 # 1 = add , 2 = subtract
    set $digit1 random from 2 4 6 8 10 # only even numbers
    set $digit2 random 1 2
    set $digit3 random 1 5
    if $operation1 = 1 and $operation2 = 1     # * and +
      set $answer expression $digit1 * $digit2 + $digit3
    fi
    if $operation1 = 1 and $operation2 = 2     # * and -
      set $answer expression $digit1 * $digit2 - $digit3
    fi
    if $operation1 = 2 and $operation2 = 1     # / and +
      set $answer expression $digit1 / $digit2 + $digit3
    fi
    if $operation1 = 2 and $operation2 = 2     # / and -
      set $answer expression $digit1 / $digit2 - $digit3
    fi
  while-end
  # -- now set the alternative (wrong) answer ---------------------------------
  set &&wrongAnswerOptions range 1 10
  set &&wrongAnswerOptions remove value $answer
  set $wrongAnswer &&wrongAnswerOptions use random ## take one random from possible wrong anwers
  # -- now choose what is show, correct or wrong answer
  set $mathMCQ random 1 2 ## this is needed later for determining if answer was correct
  if $mathMCQ = 1 ## correct answer is shown
    set $showPossibleMathAnswer $answer
  else
    set $showPossibleMathAnswer $wrongAnswer
  fi
  # -- now make the operation is text format ----------------------------------
  if $operation1 == 1
    set %operation1text "×"
  else
    set %operation1text "÷"
  fi
  if $operation2 == 1
    set %operation2text "+"
  else
    set %operation2text "-"
  fi
  # -- now create the math problem text
  set %mathProblem "( " $digit1 " " %operation1text " " $digit2 " ) " %operation2text " " $digit3 " = ?"
  # -- finally, we store the math problems for later use
  set %%mathProblems append %mathProblem ## the full texts of the mathproblems (there will be up to 7)
  # CHECK IF FOLLOWING LINE IS NEEDED
  set &&mathProblemsAnswerStimuli append $showPossibleMathAnswer ## answers will be correct or not, they will be in here
  set &&mathProblems_correct append $mathMCQ ## for correct answers contains 1, for wrong answers 2

task aoSpan
  set $currentSetSize &&setSizesForBlock remove first ## this randomly selects setsize as set at start of each block
  set &&trialMathScores clear ## needed for adding math scores of one trial, needs resetting each trial
  set %allletters "F H J K L N P Q R S T Y"
  set %%lettersText split %allletters
  # -- only one time in the whole experiment will we calculate the needed max RT for math solving as in paper
  if &determineMathMaxRT = 1
    set $tmpLen &&mathRT1s size
    if $tmpLen > 0 ## people have to done at least some trials correctly
      set &determineMathMaxRT 0 # this way, this will not be called again
      set $tmpMean &&mathRT1s mean
      set $tmpSD   &&mathRT1s sd
      set &maxMathRT1 expression 2 * $tmpSD + $tmpMean
    fi
  fi
  # -- create 7 different math problems (you only need as many as the $currentSetSize, but this is easier coding
  #
  set %%mathProblems " "
  set %%mathProblems clear ## the full texts of the mathproblems (there will be up to 7)
  set &&mathProblemsAnswerStimuli clear ## answers will be correct or not, they will be in here
  set &&mathProblems_correct clear ## for correct answers contains 1, for wrong answers 2
  part createMathProblem
  part createMathProblem
  part createMathProblem
  part createMathProblem
  part createMathProblem
  part createMathProblem
  part createMathProblem
  #
  # -- now draw letters from setsize -------------------------------------------
  set &&letterOptions range 1 12
  set &&lettersNumbers sample $currentSetSize from &&letterOptions
  # save "Remember letters (as numbers): " &&lettersNumbers
  ##
  ## -- now all stimuli are ready for presentation -----------------------------
  ##
  ## now we cycle through math problems and letters using a while loop
  set $counter 1
  while $counter <= $currentSetSize
    ## ---------------------------- show math problem (if needed)
    if &components = 2 or &components = 3 ## 2 or 3 : maths only or both tasks
      font medium
      show text %%mathProblems[$counter]
      show bitmap keyReady 0 100
      readmouse l 1 &maxMathRT1 range SHOW_COUNTER SHOW_COUNTER
      set $mathRT1 RT ## use this for later maxMathRT calculation
      clear -1 -2
      ## ---------------------------- show possible answer and True/False
      show text &&mathProblemsAnswerStimuli[$counter] 0 0
      show bitmap keyTrue  -200 100
      set $trueStimulus SHOW_COUNTER
      show bitmap keyFalse  200 100
      set $falseStimulus SHOW_COUNTER
      ## -- now if this is a correct answer, the correct key is $trueStimulus, otherwise $falseStimulus
      # save "all mathProblemsAnswerStimuli : " &&mathProblems_correct
      # save &&mathProblems_correct[$counter]
      if &&mathProblems_correct[$counter] = 1
        set $expectedResponse $trueStimulus
      else
        set $expectedResponse $falseStimulus
      fi
      # save "expected math response stimulus : " $expectedResponse " of options : " $trueStimulus $falseStimulus
      readmouse l $expectedResponse &maxMathRT2 range $trueStimulus $falseStimulus ## $expectedResponse is the correct stimulus to be clicked
      set $mathRT2 RT ## use this for later maxMathRT calculation
      clear -1 -2 -3
      ## -- check if correct
      if STATUS = CORRECT
        set &&trialMathScores append 1       ## this is for the trial calculation
	set &&mathCorrectBlockCount append 1 ## this is for the whole block percentage correct
	set &&mathRT1s append $mathRT1       ## we collect this to later determine max RT time in real block (as in paper)
	set &&mathRT2s append $mathRT2
      else
        set &&trialMathScores append 0       ## this is for the trial calculation
	set &&mathCorrectBlockCount append 0 ## this is for the whole block percentage correct
      fi
    fi # end of showing math problem
    ## ---------------------------- show letter to memorize on yellow background (if needed)
    if &components = 1 or &components = 3 # 1 or 3 : letters only or both tasks
      set $tmp &&lettersNumbers[$counter]
      font large
      show rectangle 0 0 150 100 yellow
      show text %%lettersText[$tmp] 0 0 black
      delay 800
      clear -1 -2
    fi
    set $counter increase
  while-end
  ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ## now that all letters have been shown, we do the recall (if needed)
  ## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  if &components = 1 or &components = 3 ## 1 or 3 : letters only or both tasks
    ##
    ## first show the pad with 12 letters, a blank, clear and exit
    ##
    set $left -100
    set $right 100
    set $line1 -250 # they are 80 px apart
    set $line2 -170
    set $line3 -90
    set $line4 -10
    set $line5 70
    set $line6 150
    #
    if &PADINSTRUCTION < 3 ## only need to show this twice
      show bitmap instructionPad -270 -200
      set &PADINSTRUCTION increase
    fi
    #
    show bitmap keyF $left  $line1
    show bitmap keyH    0   $line1
    show bitmap keyJ $right $line1
    #
    show bitmap keyK $left  $line2
    show bitmap keyL    0   $line2
    show bitmap keyN $right $line2
    #
    show bitmap keyP $left  $line3
    show bitmap keyQ    0   $line3
    show bitmap keyR $right $line3
    #
    show bitmap keyS $left  $line4
    show bitmap keyT    0   $line4
    show bitmap keyY $right $line4
    #
    show bitmap keyQuestionMark 0 $line5
    #
    show bitmap keyDelete -200  250
    show bitmap keyDone    250  250
    set $counterKeyDone SHOW_COUNTER
    set $counterKeyDelete expression SHOW_COUNTER - 1
    set $beginKeyRange expression SHOW_COUNTER - 14
    set $endKeyRange expression SHOW_COUNTER
    #
    ##------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # now let people key in buttons
    set $startPosition -300
    set &&selectedKeys clear
    timestamp letterTaskstartTime ## set the starttime, we need this for calculating total RT
    while $pressedKey != $counterKeyDone
      readmouse l 1 999999 range $beginKeyRange $endKeyRange
      set $pressedKey UNDER_MOUSE
      set $tmpLength &&selectedKeys size ## length before adding
      if $pressedKey == $counterKeyDelete
        if $tmpLength > 0
          set &&selectedKeys remove last
          set $tmpStimulusLetter &&selectedStimuli remove last
          clear $tmpStimulusLetter
          set $startPosition decrease 60
        fi
      else
        ## you cannot enter more than 7 keys
        if $tmpLength < 7
          set $keyPressedCount expression $pressedKey - $beginKeyRange + 1
          set &&selectedKeys    append $keyPressedCount
          ## now we need to calculate the bitmap number of the keypressed
          ## bitmaps have numbers (not just names): keyF = 1 etc
          set $tmpBitmapNumber expression $keyPressedCount
          show bitmap $tmpBitmapNumber $startPosition $line6
          set &&selectedStimuli append SHOW_COUNTER
          set $startPosition increase 60
        fi
      fi
    while-end
    timestamp currentTime
    set $letterTaskRT timestamp-diff letterTaskstartTime currentTime
  fi
  ## ------------------------------------------------------------
  ## now calculate the scoring for the trial
  ## ------------------------------------------------------------
  ## how many letters correct?
  ## for this, we cycle through all letters needed
  set $counter 1
  while $counter <= $currentSetSize
    if &&selectedKeys[$counter] = &&lettersNumbers[$counter]
      set $trialSumLetterScore increase
      set &&lettersCorrectBlockCount append 1 # if correct (this is for overall correct letter count)
    else
      set &&lettersCorrectBlockCount append 0 # if incorrect (this is for overall correct letter count)
    fi
    set $counter increase
  while-end
  ## -- how many math problems correct and errors? --
  set $trialSumMathScore &&trialMathScores sum
  set $trialMathErrors expression $currentSetSize - $trialSumMathScore
  ## -- over whole block, we calculate percentage of correct math problems
  if &components > 1 ## only if math is used (not in block 1)
    set $tmpCorrectCount      &&mathCorrectBlockCount sum
    set $tmpMathProblemsSoFar &&mathCorrectBlockCount size
    set $mathCorrectPerc expression $tmpCorrectCount / $tmpMathProblemsSoFar * 100
    set $mathCorrectPerc round
  fi
  ## -- trial feedback to participant
  clear screen
  ## make sure you use different word for singular/plural of "letter" and "error"
  if $trialSumLetterScore = 1
    set %letterScoreFeedback "You recalled " $trialSumLetterScore " letter correctly out of " $currentSetSize
  else
    set %letterScoreFeedback "You recalled " $trialSumLetterScore " letters correctly out of " $currentSetSize
  fi
  if $trialMathErrors = 1
    set %mathScoreFeedback "You made " $trialMathErrors " mathematics error out of " $currentSetSize " problems."
  else
    set %mathScoreFeedback "You made " $trialMathErrors " mathematics errors out of " $currentSetSize " problems."
  fi
  set %mathPercentageCorrect "Percentage correct mathemathics problems: " $mathCorrectPerc "%"
  # -- make sure that if you do letters-only or math-only, you only show relevant feedback
  if &components = 1 # letters only feedback, delete math feedback
    set %mathScoreFeedback " "
    set %mathPercentageCorrect " "
  fi
  if &components = 2 # math only feedback, delete letter fe
    set %letterScoreFeedback " "
  fi
  # -- ospan score so far (if in real block)
  if BLOCKNUMBER = 4 and $trialMathErrors = 0 and $trialSumLetterScore = $currentSetSize
    set &ospan increase $currentSetSize # o-span points are the sequence length
  fi
  if BLOCKNUMBER = 4 ## correct letters and math correct even if not all correct
    set &lettersCorrectSoFar increase $trialSumLetterScore
    set &mathCorrectSoFar increase $trialSumMathScore
  fi
  # -- show feedback on screen
  font regular
  if &components > 1 ## only show math correct percentage if there are math problems
    show rectangle 0 -100 755 45 red
    show rectangle 0 -100 750 40 yellow
    show text %mathPercentageCorrect 0 -100 blue
  fi
  show text %letterScoreFeedback 0 0
  show text %mathScoreFeedback 0 100
  show bitmap keyContinue 0 200
  readmouse l 1 999999
  clear screen
  ## -- save to file -----------------------------------------
  save BLOCKNUMBER BLOCKNAME &ospan &lettersCorrectSoFar &mathCorrectSoFar $mathRT1 $letterTaskRT &maxMathRT1 $mathCorrectPerc $currentSetSize $trialSumMathScore $trialMathErrors $trialSumLetterScore

task feedbackTask
  show bitmap feedbackscreen
  show bitmap keyContinue 300 241
  set $ospanScorePerc expression &ospan / 75
  set $ospanScorePerc round
  set %ospanScoreText &ospan " points (" $ospanScorePerc "%)"
  #-- individual math problems and letters
  set $totalMathProblems   &&mathCorrectBlockCount size
  set $totalMathCorrect    &&mathCorrectBlockCount sum
  set $totalLetters        &&lettersCorrectBlockCount size
  set $totalLettersCorrect &&lettersCorrectBlockCount sum
  #-- now calculate percentage maths problems (including indivual trials within trials)
  set $mathCorrectPerc expression $totalMathCorrect / $totalMathProblems * 100
  set $mathCorrectPerc round
  set %mathCorrectPercText $mathCorrectPerc "%"
  #-- now calculate percentage letters correct (not just whole suquences but individuals)
  set $lettersCorrectPerc expression $totalLettersCorrect / $totalLetters * 100
  set $lettersCorrectPerc round
  set %lettersCorrectPercText $lettersCorrectPerc "%"
  #-- now show on top of the feedback screen
  text align left
  show text %ospanScoreText 50 -200 black
  show text %mathCorrectPercText 50 -100 black
  show text %lettersCorrectPercText 50 -30 black
  readmouse l 2 999999 range 2 2

#######################################################################################

block practiseLetters
  message instruction1 mouse
  set &&setSizesForBlock 2 2 3 3 ## 4 trials
  set &components 1 # 1=letters only
  task aoSpan 4

block practiseMath
  message instruction2 mouse
  set &&mathRT1s clear ## these will be used to calculate better maxRT
  set &&mathRT2s clear
  set &&setSizesForBlock 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 # this is irrelevant here, but you need some data in it
  set &components 2 # 2=math only
  task aoSpan 15

block practiseBoth
  set &determineMathMaxRT 1 # only one time we need to calculate
  set &&mathCorrectBlockCount clear 0 # reset to zero (for counting percentage of correct math trials)
  message instruction3 mouse
  set &&setSizesForBlock 2 2 2
  set &components 3 # 3=math and letters
  task aoSpan 3

block maindata
  set &components 3 # 3=math and letters
  set &&lettersCorrectBlockCount clear 0 # reset to zero
  set &&mathCorrectBlockCount clear 0 # reset to zero
  set &&tmpData 3 4 5 6 7
  set &&setSizesForBlock &&tmpData times 3 # 3 x 5 = sequences = 15 trials
  set &&setSizesForBlock shuffle
  message instruction4 mouse
  task aoSpan 15

## this final feedback block is not needed
## if you do not use it, you can calculate all data later offline

block feedbackBlock
  task feedbackTask 1